(1) SGP has high strength and shear modulus, excellent mechanical properties. Its shear modulus is more than 50 times that of PVB, and its tear strength is 5 times higher than PVB.
After SGP lamination, the adhesive layer between the two pieces of glass does not slide when subjected to force, and the two pieces of glass work as a single piece of glass with equal thickness. In this way, the bearing capacity is twice that of PVB laminated glass with equal thickness; Meanwhile, under equal loads and thicknesses, the bending deflection of SGP laminated glass is only 1/41 of PVB laminated glass
Due to the increase in bearing capacity and the decrease in deflection, the thickness of the glass will correspondingly decrease. It is possible to reduce the amount of glass used by about 40%, which in turn reduces the weight of the curtain wall. Not only is it beneficial for the design of the main structure, but material conservation is also energy-saving, because producing each standard box of float glass requires 16kg of standard coal and 7.5 kWh of electricity consumption. If tempering, homogenization treatment, etc. are added, energy consumption will be even higher.
(2) Having good edge stability, it can be used outdoors without the need for edge sealing. Edge stability refers to the durability of laminated glass edges exposed to atmospheric conditions. PVB adhesive is not resistant to moisture and is prone to cracking and separation under the action of water vapor. It is required to seal the exposed edges. The SGP adhesive film has good edge stability, is not sensitive to moisture, and will not open or separate when used under exposed conditions. It can be used with open edges without the need for edge sealing. So SGP laminated glass can be conveniently used for components with exposed edges such as guardrails, canopies, overhanging decorative glass wings, and glass sunshades without the need for special edge sealing measures
(III)
After the glass is damaged, there is sufficient remaining bearing capacity to prevent it from falling into ordinary PVB laminated glass, especially tempered laminated glass. Once the glass is broken, it will undergo significant bending deformation, posing a risk of falling off as a whole. When the glass is horizontally installed on the skylight, the risk is greater, and there has been an accident in Beijing Xiangshan Botanical Garden where a whole piece of glass fell off. The SGP interlayer laminated glass has good overall integrity, and the tear strength of the SGP laminated film is 5 times that of the PVB laminated film. Even if the glass breaks, the SGP film can still bond the broken glass to form a temporary structure after damage. Its bending deformation is small, and it can also withstand a certain amount of load without falling as a whole. This greatly improves the safety of glass
(4) Colorless and transparent, not easily discolored, with excellent permeability. The SGP laminated film itself is colorless and transparent, and has good weather resistance, not easily yellowing. The yellowing coefficient of SGP membrane is less than 1.5, while the yellowing coefficient of PVB membrane is 6-12. Therefore, SGP laminated glass can better meet the architectural art requirements of architects.
The comparative tests of laminated glass with different thicknesses and equal thickness single sheet glass show that the stress and deflection of SGP laminated glass are basically the same as those of single sheet glass with the same thickness; PVB laminated glass, on the other hand, has significantly greater stress and deflection due to the significant sliding of the intermediate layer. Therefore, it can be considered that SGP laminated glass works as a single piece of glass with equal thickness as a whole; PVB laminated glass is close to the superposition of two separate pieces of glass. If ultra-white glass (low iron glass) and SGP intermediate film are used for lamination, the crystal clear optical effect of ultra-white laminated glass will be very good
A stress performance test was conducted under temperature rise conditions, and the bearing capacity of SGP laminated glass did not decrease when the temperature was below 50 degrees Celsius; The bearing capacity of PVB laminated glass at 50 degrees Celsius is only 60% of that at 20 degrees Celsius. According to experimental measurements, the shear modulus G of PVB laminated film is 0.84 N/mm2 at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius; The shear modulus G of SGP laminated film is as high as 42.7 N/mm2.
4, The mechanical properties of ionic intermediate film laminated glass depend on the mechanical properties of the intermediate layer (laminated film) when several pieces of glass are stacked together. If the shear modulus G and tear strength f of the laminated film are very small, the middle layer of the laminated glass will experience significant sliding when it is bent, and the glass will slide relative to each other. The laminated film actually does not play a role in connecting the glass as a whole. These few pieces of glass seem to be stacked together, but in reality they are still working separately. The bearing capacity is only the sum of the individual bearing capacities of each piece of glass.
On the contrary, if the shear modulus G and tear strength f of the laminated film are high, the slip of the laminated film is extremely small when the laminated glass is bent. At this time, several pieces of glass can work together, as if they were a single piece of glass. In theory, when the mechanical properties of the laminated film are equivalent to glass, laminated glass becomes a single piece of glass. In engineering, when the shear modulus G of the laminated layer is greater than 20 N/mm2, it can be considered that the laminated glass works in its overall state. The G of the ionic intermediate layer of SGP reaches 42.7N/mm2, which meets this condition; The G value of PVB laminated film is only 0.84N/mm2, which is significantly different from the above conditions. The stress state of the cross-section when they are bent is completely different. It is precisely because of their different stress states that their bearing capacity and deformation differ greatly under the same thickness
Therefore, using SGP laminated glass will reduce the thickness of the glass, which is more conducive to the rational selection of curtain wall glass and achieve greater economic and technological benefits
The oversized SGP laminated glass is mainly used for all glass structures such as Apple stores. It is matched with ultra long multi laminated glass beams and glass columns, and is a 12m long SGP five layered glass column for Shanghai Apple stores. Now longer
SGP multi laminated glass has been successfully manufactured.
7, Application of SGP laminated glass in super high-rise buildings
Super high-rise buildings need to withstand the effects of strong wind, earthquake, and temperature changes, requiring glass panels to have high load-bearing capacity and stiffness, and in case of damage, they must have a certain residual load-bearing capacity without falling. SGP intermediate membrane laminated glass can meet these requirements very well. Shanghai center is the highest building under construction at present, with 123 floors and 632m high. A total of 15000m2 of SGP laminated glass is used. The Shanghai center adopts a double-layer ventilation curtain wall. The outer curtain wall is a single laminated glass, configured as 12mm ultra white+1.52 SGP+12mm ultra white. The Guangzhou Tower is the highest building in China, with a height of 600m. All 56000m2 glass curtain walls are made of SGP double layered insulated glass, with a configuration of (8mm+1.52 SGP+8mm)+12A+(8mm+1.52 SGP+8mm). The maximum size of the triangular glass panel is 1.5mX3.5m
8, Application of SGP laminated glass in daylighting roofs
SGP laminated glass not only has high strength, but also has sufficient bending resistance after damage, and will not fall from a high altitude as a whole. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for horizontal or inclined glass panels in glass daylighting roofs. Support triangular skylight glass panels for Guangzhou Tower, with SGP adhesive. The 6000m2 skylight of Shenyang Henglong Plaza also uses SGP laminated glass
Summary
The application time of ionic intermediate membrane SGP in laminated glass of building curtain walls is not long, but its excellent performance has been demonstrated in application. The high load-bearing capacity, safety, and permeability of SGP laminated glass are fully demonstrated in glass curtain walls of large public buildings and super high-rise buildings. In the application of glass barriers, glass floors, and glass sunshades, SGP laminated glass has significant advantages such as impact resistance, safety, and no need for edge sealing. Ultra large laminated glass and multiple laminated glass products cannot do without SGP laminated film. In the future, with the continuous expansion of SGP laminated glass applications, we will see its broader development prospects.
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